av>\ 

i-zs. 


‘^he  cBmeau  of  STBu.nond, 

S^'iGfc  &fou5c,  CXcm;  ‘^JozPi 


THE  CHURCH 

in  the 


PHILIPPIN 


\ 


^ ubrary 

A Review  of  Events  Since  \S9SY~^ 
with  Bishop  Brent’s  Firstf^ 


\ 


Annifiil  Report 


'A 


THE  MIS'lONAKV  DISTRICT  OF  THE  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS  WAS 
ERECTED  BY  THE  GENERAL  C JNVENTION  OF  liWl 

It  int  ludes  the  I, "00  islands  of  the  Philippine  Archipelago,  with  a population 
of  about  7,000,000.  Of  this  number  about  5,000,000  may  be  cla.ssed  as  Filipinos 
proper,  while  2,000,000  are  savage  heathen  tribes,  among  whom  no  sustained  Chris- 
tian work  has  ever  been  done  until  our  Mission  began  it. 

THE  STAFF 

The  first  Bishop  of  the  Philippines,  the  Right  Rev.  Charles  H.  Brent,  D.D., 
was  consecrated  December  19th,  1901. 

The  present  staff  consists  of  one  bishop,  five  other  clergy,  one  physician,  two 
women  parish  workers,  three  trained  nurses  and  one  kindergartner. 

Churches  have  been  erected  at  Manila  and  Baguio  and  a third  is  in  course  of 
building  at  Bontoc. 


I'RGENT  NEEDS 


1.  At  least  three  additional  clergy. 

2.  An  unmarried  medical  missionary. 


3.  A kindergartner 

4.  t;:!0,000  for  a Cliurcli  Hospital. 


\- 


/ 


\ 


1 


TIIK  mour  HK\KI{KNI)  CFIAHIjKS  H.  ItHKXT,  D.I).. 

MISSKINAHV  nisllol-  or  TIIK  l•llll.ll■l■INK  ISI.AXIIS 


ST.  bTEPHKN’S  MISSION  CHl’KCH,  MANILA 


The  Church  in  the  Philippine  Islands 

HOW  THE  WORK  BEGAN  AND  HAS  BEEN  DEVELOPED  — BISHOP  BRENT’S 
FIRST  ANNUAL  REPORT  — WORK  AMONG  THE  ENGLISH-SPEAKING 
COM.MUNirY  — WORK  AMONG  THE  NATIVES  — FINANCIAL  MATTERS 


WITH  the  United  States 
troops  landing  in  Manila 
in  the  summer  of  1898 
were  several  army  chap- 
lains. among  them  the  Kev.  Charles  C. 
Pierce,  d.d.,  the  Rev.  David  L.  Fleming, 
the  Rev.  Walter  Marvine  and  the  Rev. 
Henry  Swift.  Almost  immediately  they 
began  holding  services  for  the  English- 
speaking  civilians,  as  well  as  for  the  sol- 
diers. It  was  not  long  before  some  of 
the  Filipino  residents  recognized  that 
these  chaplains  represented  a true 
branch  of  the  Holy  Catholic  Church,  and 
asked  that  services  might  be  provided  in 
Spanish  and  Tagalog  for  those  who  had 
already  given  up,  or  were  disposed  to 
give  up,  their  Roman  allegiance.  After 
much  hesitation  and  repeated  declina- 
tions, these  urgent  requests  were  com- 
plied with,  and  early  on  the  morning  of 
Christmas  Day,  1898,  in  a schoolhouse 
in  the  Malate  district  of  Manila,  kindly 
placed  at  his  disposal  by  the  military  au- 
thorities, Chaplain  Pierce  held  the  first 


service  for  Filipinos,  using  the  Com- 
munion Ofiice,  translated  into  Spanish. 

In  June,  1899,  two  clergymen  and  two  ' 
laymen,  under  the  lead  of  Mr.  John 
Howe  Peyton,  Army  Secretary,  sent  by 
the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew  in  the 
United  States,  reached  Manila  and  be- 
gan a combination  of  social  and  religious 
work  among  the  soldiers.  These 
Brotherhood  workers  co-operated  with 
the  chaplains  already  in  Manila  in  es- 
tablishing and  maintaining  the  Anglo- 
American  Mission  of  the  Holy  Trinity. 

In  1899  the  Presiding  Bishop  of  the 
American  Church  appointed  Bishop 
Graves,  of  Shanghai,  to  superintend 
the  Manila  work.  In  September  Bishop 
Graves  visited  Manila,  conferred  with 
the  chaplains  and  the  Brotherhood  work- 
ers, made  such  arrangements  as  were 
possible  for  the  development  of  what 
they  had  already  undertaken,  admin- 
istered confirmation  to  a number  of 
English-speaking  people,  and  received 
several  Eilipinos  into  the  communion  of 


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the  Church.  Among  tliesc  was  a young 
man  of  mucli  promise,  Santos  .lavier, 
who  was  commissioned  a lay-reader  and 
now  holds  an  appointment  from  the 
Board  of  ilanagers  as  a lay  missionary. 

In  these  early  days  so.nething  was 
also  done  among  the  Chinese,  of  whom 
there  are  about  50,000  in  Manila,  and 
probably  half  a million  in  the  archi- 
pelago. As  a result  of  services  held  by 
the  chaplains  fifteen  men  were  baptized. 

In  the  spring  of  1900,  upon  the  de- 
cision of  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  An- 
drew to  withdraw  its  workers,  the  Board 
of  ^fanagers  appointed  one  of  them,  the 
Rev.  James  L.  Smiley,  as  its  missionary 
in  the  Philippines.  For  several  months 
Mr.  Smiley  did  what  he  could  single- 
handed,  but  was  eventually  obliged  to 
return  to  this  countrj'  on  account  of 
breakdown  in  his  health.  About  the 
same  time  Chaplain  Pierce  was  ordered 
home  for  similar  reasons,  and  the 
Church  in  the  Philippines  was  practical- 
ly without  official  representation. 

Before  this,  however,  largely  through 
the  foresight  and  work  of  Chaplain 
Pierce,  two  valuable  pieces  of  property 
were  purchased — one  in  the  Ermita  or 
residence  district,  one  in  the  heart  of  the 
city.  For  several  reasons  it  was  deemed 
wise  not  to  hasten  the  erection  of  a 
church  building  on  either  of  these  plots, 
and  services  were  held  in  a room  in  the 
Government  barracks,  thanks  to  the 
kindness  of  the  military  authorities. 

In  the  spring  of  1901,  at  Bishop 
Graves’s  earnest  request,  the  Board  of 
^lanagers  determined  to  appoint  two 
missionaries,  fortunately  securing  the 
services  of  the  Rev.  Walter  C.  Clapp 
and  Mrs.  Clapp,  and  the  Rev.  John  A. 
Staunton,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  Staunton.  This 
party  of  four  reached  Manila  in  Novem- 
ber, 1901. 

In  the  meantime,  on  October  5th.  of 
the  same  year,  the  General  Convention, 
meeting  in  San  Francisco,  erected  the 
Philippine  Islands  into  a missionary 
district,  and  on  the  14th  of  the  same 
month  elected  the  Rev.  Charles  H.  Brent, 
rector  of  St.  Stephen’s  Church,  Boston, 
as  the  first  bishop.  Mr.  Brent  was  con- 
secrated in  Emmanuel  Church.  Boston, 


Dc’cembcr  19tli,  1901,  and  until  the  mid- 
dle ol  the  following  May  devoted  him- 
self to  the  difficult  task  of  securing 
funds,  in  addition  to  the  appropriation 
from  the  Board  of  ^lanagcrs,  for  the 
prosecution  of  the  work  committed  to 
him. 

Mr.  Clapp  and  .Mr.  Staunton,  who  had 
l>ecn  joined  in  January,  1902,  by  the 
Rev.  II.  R.  Talbot,  of  Boston,  continued 
to  maintain  services  for  English-speak- 
ing people,  for  such  Filipinos  as  were 
still  attached  to  the  mission,  and,  to  a 
limited  e.xtent,  for  the  Chinese.  The 
erection  of  a temporary  chapel  was  be- 
gun on  the  Ermita  property,  and  the 
building,  with  a seating  capacity  of 
about  225,  was  opened  for  worship  on 
Palm  Sunday,  iMarch  23d,  1902.  Early 
in  the  year  the  alarming  illness  of  Mrs. 
Clapp  obliged  her  husband  to  remove  her 
for  treatment  to  the  Church  Mission 
Hospital  at  Shanghai,  where  her  death 
occurred  February  15th,  the  first  sad 
break  in  the  history  of  the  Philippine 
IMis.sion.  A second  misfortune  has  since 
befallen  it  in  the  enforced  retirement,  in 
January.  1903,  of  the  Rev.  H.  R.  Tal- 
bot, because  of  illness  which  would  not 
yield  to  medical  treatment  and  constant- 
ly recurred  in  the  tropical  climate. 

Bishop  Brent  arrived  in  Manila 
August  24th,  1902.  Within  the  next  few 
weeks  he  was  joined  by  the  Rev.  Irving 
Spencer  and  l\Irs.  Spencer,  Miss  Har- 
riet B.  Osgood,  kindergartener,  and  Miss 
M.  P.  Waterman,  parish  visitor,  whose 
services  he  had  secured  before  leaving 
the  United  States.  Other  additions  to 
the  mission  staff  to  date  include  Miss 
Beatrice  Oakes,  Miss  Clara  Thacher 
and  Miss  Jane  Jackson,  missionary 
nurses;  C.  Radcliffe  Johnson,  m.d..  mis- 
sionary physician,  and  Mrs.  Johnson, 
and  the  Rev.  Mercer  G.  Johnston,  mis- 
sionary priest,  to  be  in  charge  of  St. 
Stephen’s  Church,  Manila,  and  Mrs. 
Johnston. 

Since  Bishop  Brent’s  arrival  he  has 
endeavored  first  to  strengthen  the 
Church’s  work  in  Manila,  and  then  to 
extend  it  to  other  parts  of  the  island.  A 
celebration  of  the  Holy  Communion  in 
Spanish  is  held  every  Sunday  morning. 


THE  KOJIAX  CATHEDRAL  AT  MANILA 


attended  by  a few  Filipinos,  but  beyond 
this  no  attempt  has  been  made  in  ]\fanila 
to  provide  services  for  the  natives.  A 
mission  lias  been  established  at  Cavite 
and  another  at  Caloocan,  small  towns 
near  Manila,  for  American  soldiers  and 
some  civilian  residents.  A settlement 
house  has  been  opened  in  the  Trozo  dis- 
trict of  i\ranila,  a place  which  Hishop 
Brent  says  offers  all  the  opportunities 
for  wmrk  which  the  most  ardent  social 
reformer  could  desire.  Here,  too.  the 
first  kindergarten  in  the  islands  has  been 
begun,  under  .Miss  Osgood’s  direction, 
while  i\Iiss  Tliacher  has  maintained  a 
dispensary,  with  the  assistance  of  a 
number  of  resident  physicians,  both 
.Americans  and  b'ilipinos,  who  have 
kindly  given  tlieir  services  without  com- 
pensation. 'I'his  dispensary  has  tri'ated 
an  average  of  l.oO  people  a wec“k.  A 
systematic  visitation  of  tlie  hosiiitals 
and  one  of  tlie  prisons  has  been  main- 
tained under  the  Bishop’s  direction  bj' 
i\rr.  W.  11.  .1.  Wilson,  a layman,  and  a 
member  of  the  original  Brotlierhood 
party,  who  has  been  maintained  in 
Afanila  by  a communicant  of  the 
Church  in  the  United  States,  though  he 


has  never  received  a missionary  ap- 
pointment. 

Before  the  Bishop’s  arrival  in  Manila, 
and  for  some  time  thereafter.  Air. 
Staunton  was  in  the  southern  islands  as 
a deputy  superintendent  of  schools,  and 
was  able  to  learn  much  of  value  to 
his  future  work  concerning  native  life. 
Air.  Clapi),  under  the  Bishop’s  direction, 
has  also  visited  the  southern  part  of  the 
archiiielago  to  look  into  the  ])0ssibilit.v 
of  beginning  work  among  the  natives. 
Bishoji  Brent  has  made  an  c-xtended 
trip  through  the  interior  of  northern 
I.uzon,  chieily  among  the  Igorrote  peo- 
jile,  and  as  the  result  of  his  observations 
has  o])ened  new  missions  at  Baguio,  in 
the  Province  of  Benguet,  with  the  Bev. 
.Tohn  A.  Staunton,  Jr.,  in  charge,  and 
at  Bontoc,  in  the  Province  of  Lejianto. 
with  the  Rev.  Walter  (\  Clapp  in 
charge.  'I'hese  are  pioneer  missions, 
untiling  having  lieen  done  by  any  (^liris- 
tian  iieojile.  since  the  .American  occupa- 
tion. in  these  districts,  and  little  or  noth- 
ing having  Ik'Cti  done  at  any  time  by  the 
Roman  Church.  The  Rev.  Air.  S]iencer 
has  been  sent  to  begin  work  at  Iloilo,  on 
the  Island  of  Pana,y,  an  important  point. 


both  on  account  of  its  extensive  com- 
mercial relations,  and  as  the  division 
headiiuarters  of  the  army  for  tlio  soutli- 
ern  district. 

From  tlie  first.  Bishop  Brent  was 
anxious  to  undertake  ajrfrressive  work 
amon<r  the  Chinese  in  Manila,  lie  lias 
been  fortunate  in  scciiriiifr  the  services 
of  the  Bev.  Hobart  K.  Studley,  for  six 
years  a missionary  under  the  American 
Dutch  Bcformed  Board,  in  Amoy,  China, 
now  a candidate  for  Orders  in  the 
Church.  ^Ir.  Studley  was  confirmed  last 
spring  by  Bishop  Brent,  and  enters  on 
his  duties  in  IManila  in  September. 

One  other  important  event  should  be 
noted.  When  Bishop  Brent  arrived  in 
-Manila  it  seemed  to  him  that  the  prop- 
erty alreadj'  purchased  for  the  Church, 
though  admirably  situated  for  residence 
purposes,  was  not  entirely  what  was 
needed  for  the  central  church  and  the 
other  buildings  which  he  hoped  to  erect. 
Clifts  of  $20,000  from  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
George  C.  Thomas,  for  a parish  house, 
and  of  $100,000  from  an  un-named 
donor  for  a cathedral  church,  made  pos- 
sible much  larger  plans  for  these  cen- 
tral buildings  than  could  have  been 
wisely  entertained  in  the  earlier  days  of 
the  mission,  when  the  property  was 
secured.  The  Bishop  accoi’dingly  pur- 
chased, at  a cost  of  about  $.30,000,  a 
tract  of  three  acres,  finely  situated  in  a 
commanding  position,  which  is  being 
prepared  for  early  building.  The  prop- 
erty previously  purchased  is  valuable, 
and  when  sold  will  be  almost  sufficient  to 
reimburse  the  Bishop  for  the  monej’  he 
has  advanced  from  his  own  funds. 

In  his  first  annual  report  to  the 
Presiding  Bishop,  Bishop  Brent  deals 
with  some  important  matters.  Readers 
of  The  Spirit  of  Missions  will  be  in- 
terested in  his  estimate  of  the  situation, 
which  follows: 

I.  The  Work  among  English- 
5peaking  Residents 

From  every  point  of  view  the  most  im- 
portant section  of  our  work  at  present, 
and  it  will  be  so  for  some  time  to  come, 
is  among  Americans  and  other  English- 
speaking  people.  Manila,  with  its  grow- 


ing population  of  citizens  employed  in 
Government  offices  or  ))ursuing  some 
business  vocation,  ought  cv(>ntually  to 
shoulder  tlie  current  cximmisps  of  the 
local  church.  No  one  class  of  citizens 
has  shown  a more  unwavering  interest 
in  all  that  jicrtains  to  our  work  than 
army  officers  and  their  tamilies;  and 
whatever  success  there  has  1k-cii  in  our 
endeavor  to  carry  on  a mission  in  Cavite 
has  been  due  to  the  efforts  of  navy  offi- 
cers and  men.  One  man  could  easily 
siiend  his  entire  time  to  good  advantage 
in  ministering  to  the  differemt  army 
posts,  in  but  few  of  which  is  there  a 
chaplain.  Scattered  about  all  through 
the  islands  are  indivitluals,  isolated 
from  white  people,  and  groups  of  Amer- 
icans. with  no  religious  privileges  what- 
ever— unless  the  Roman  Catholic  cere- 
monies can  be  counted  as  such;  but  even 
members  of  that  communion  (Amer- 
icans) have  told  me  that  they  find  it 
difficult  to  worship  under  the  conditions 
which  exist  in  the  majority  of  their 
churches.  It  is  my  purpose  to  try  to  es- 
tablish lay  services,  at  any  rate  wherever 
there  are  Americans,  by  urging  them  to 
avail  themselves  of  that  priestly  privilege 
which  belongs  to  every  Christian  and  to 
accept  the  responsibility  that  flows  there- 
from. 

Wherever  I go  there  is  a sincere  ex- 
pression of  appreciation  that  oppor- 
tunity is  once  more  afforded  of  attend- 
ing public  worship,  though  no  one  seems 
to  think  it  his  duty  to  take  a position  of 
leadership  and  gather  his  fellows  from 
week  to  week  to  join  in  those  services  of 
the  Church  which  a layman  can  conduct. 
It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  in  several 
communities  where  I have  been  I have 
found  that  Roman  Catholic  natives, 
neglected  through  a long  stretch  of  time 
by  their  Church  and  priesthood,  have 
had  their  weekly  services  with  a layman 
as  leader;  this  in  a Church  where  the 
rights  of  the  priesthood  are  exaggerated, 
and  lay  encroachment  strongly  depre- 
cated ; whereas  in  our  communion,  as  well 
as  among  the  various  Protestant  bodies  in 
which  the  priesthood  of  the  laity  is 
theoretically  exalted  as  a pivotal  tenet, 
no  similar  sense  of  responsibility  seems 
to  exist. 


II.  Work  among  the  Natives 

The  question  of  native  work  is  an  ex- 
tremely difficult  and  perplexing  one.  I 
cannot  feel  it  to  be  the  duty  of  the 
Church  which  I represent  to  build  up  a 
constituency  by  deliberately  drawing 
upon  the  Koman  Church.  It  is  here  that 
I find  myself  differing  from  the  Protest- 
ant Churches  at  work  in  the  islands, 
and  for  this  reason  if  for  no  other  I am 
unable  to  enter  into  any  formal  relation- 
ship with  them.  The  Evangelical  Union 
have  extended  us  a cordial  invitation  to 


ligence  to  distinguish  between  a higher 
and  a lower  form  of  Christianity.  Wher- 
ever in  the  past  the  Roman  Church  has 
proved  to  be  an  oppressor  instead  of  a 
spiritual  mother,  there  has  been  revolt, 
and  will  be  again.  The  cause  of  this, 
however,  lies  not  in  the  doctrinal  teach- 
ing or  the  ceremonial,  which  seems  to  be 
adapted  to  the  temperament  of  the  na- 
tives, but  because  the  fundamental  in- 
stinct that  insists  upon  justice  and  fair 
play  has  been  outraged  and  calls  for 
strong  protest.  In  this  I find  the  ex- 
planation of  Aglipay’s  success  in  gain- 


A CASCO  ox  THE  JIAXILA  CAXAL 

-•I  familii  unual  //  Uvvs  In  each  end  of  a boat  like  thin.  7ri  addition,  there  are  the  chickens,  do^js  and  othtr 

Jamiiv  impedimc7ita 


membership  in  their  body,  but  we  are 
unanimous  in  feeling  that  we  cannot 
subscribe  to  some  of  the  principles  im- 
])licd  or  set  forth  explicitly.  'I'his,  how- 
ever, will  in  no  wise  prevent  friendly 
relations  with  our  Protestant  neighbors, 
or  th(!  observance  of  Christian  con- 
sideratemess  wluu’c  division  of  territory 
is  concerned,  'riiough  1 cannot  say  that 
1 shall  nev(*r  place  missionaries  at  points 
where  missionaries  of  other  communions 
have  preceded,  I shall  do  so  only  in  cases 
where!  my  conce[)tion  of  duty  leaves  me 
no  choice. 

d’he  (luestion  is  frceiuently  ask(>d  at 
home:  “Is  there  any  movement  away 

from  the  Roman  Catholic  Cliurch?” 
Tlu!  reply  is  that  among  the  great  masst's 
of  the  people  there  is  not  <!nough  intel- 


ing  a largo  following.  The  more  I study 
tlie  movement  the  more  1 am  convinced 
that  no  positive  religious  principles 
move  the  man  or  his  disciples;  it  is  a 
protest  dressed  in  the  clothes  of  religion, 
but  at  bottom  it  is  a new  phase  of  politi- 
cal and  social  unrest,  the  responsibility 
for  which  lies  at  the  door  of  the  Roman 
(’hurch,  whose  lust  for  wealth  and 
domination  has  led  to  such  inaction  re- 
garding the  (piestion  of  the  friars’  lands 
as  under  the  existing  conditions  foments 
the  spirit  of  insurrection.  The  greatest 
satisfaction  1 could  have  would  lie,  to  see 
the  Roman  Church  jnirify  her  skirts. 
But  when  there  has  been  and  is  such  an 
.absence  of  veracity,  such  a suppression 
or  denial  of  facts,  facts  which  until  1 
came  out  here  1 I'oidd  not  believe,  but 


which  arc  painfully  and  palpably  true, 
how  ean  there  be  any  deep  reformation  '(* 
In  the  coast  regions  the  i)eople  are  al- 
most solidly  Koinan  t'atholic  in  name 
at  least.  1 e.xeept  the  country  of  the 
Moros,  of  course.  Among  the  better 
educated  there  is  more  or  less  breaking 
away  from  the  old  faith,  shown  rather 
by  indifference  than  by  active  opposi- 
tion, though  there  is  not  a little  of  the 
latter  in  some  quarters.  While  the 
churches  in  most  places  are  well  at- 
tended, here  as  elsewhere  largely  by 


win  them  to  religion.  How  to  reach 
them  is  a problem  yet  to  be  solved. 

When  we  turn  from  the  coast  to  the 
interior  of  Luzon  a new  situation  greets 
us.  In  the  northern  and  eastern  sections 
there  arc  multitudes  of  non-Christians, 
variously  denominated  as  Alzados,  Igor- 
rotes  and  Calingas.  No  work  of  any 
sort  is  lx?ing  attempted  among  them. 
Formerly  the  friars  had  a few  missions 
in  the  interior  provinces  of  Lepanto 
and  Bon  toe,  bnt  they  n'ached  only  the 
llocanos,  who  were  in  the  employ  of  the 


THE  SETTLEMENT  HOUSE  IN  THE  TKOZO  DISTRICT 


women,  there  is  a vast  population  whose 
Christianity  is  so  purely  nominal  that  it 
would  offer  no  indignity  to  the  Roman 
Church  were  an  earnest  effort  made  to 

* XOTE.  I am  aware  how  easy  it  is  to  ac- 
cuse a whole  body  of  misdemeanors  for 
which  only  certain  members  of  that  body  are 
responsible.  In  the  case  in  point  the  lack 
of  frankness  and,  to  put  it  mildly,  the  trifling 
with  veracity  are  all  but  general,  and  seem- 
ingly receive  official  sanction.  A few  days 
since  an  American  Roman  Catholic  said  to  me 
with  some  impatience  that  the  Church  was 
not  facing  things  as  they  are;  he  added  that 
the  situation  could  be  likened  to  “a  cancer- 
ous growth”  and  could  be  dealt  with  only 
“with  the  knife.”  In  the  case  of  an  individ- 
ual w'e  count  the  case  desperate  if  there  is  a 
steadfast  refusal  to  acknowledge  facts  as 
they  are  when  there  has  been  a palpably  bad 
past.  tVhat  shall  we  say  when  it  is  a part 
of  the  Church  of  Christ  which  so  demeans 
itself? 


Spanish  Government,  and  aeeomiianied 
officials  to  their  various  stations.  The 
great  heathen  population  was  almost  un- 
touched. For  several  years  past  there 
have  been  no  ministrations  whatever, 
even  where  considerable  communities  of 
Christians  are  established,  as,  e.g.,  in  the 
Ilocano  town  of  Cervantes,  though  a re- 
quest for  a priest  has  been  earnestly 
made.  This  condition  of  affairs  is  due 
partly  to  the  insufficient  supply  of  na- 
tive priests,  and  to  the  fact  that  the 
friars  dare  not  return  thither,  and  partly 
because  they  are  poor  communities  where 
the  temporalities  of  the  Church  are  of 
small  value  and  temporal  advantage 
wholly  wanting.  A fair  field  is  offered 
for  the  work  of  our  Church  among  these 


xiiislieplierded  Christians,  and  the  non- 
Christian  tribes  among  whom  their  lot 
is  east.  But  with  our  very  inadequate 
force  of  clergy  we  can  accomplish  but 
little. 

The  tribes  of  the  highlands  are  numer- 
ous (the  Negritos  excepted),  domestic, 
industrious  and  naturally  religious;  they 
are  primitive  people  of  considerable 
promise,  the  superiors  of  their  lowland 
neighbors  in  physique  and  energy,  and 
seemingly  their  peers  in  intelligence. 
We  have  plans  for  educational  and 
medical  work,  as  well  as  for  bringing 
them  to  a knowledge  of  our  Saviour  and 
theirs,  which  I trust  the  generosity  of 
the  Church  at  home  will  enable  us  to 
carry  out  suecessfull.y.  If  we  can  get 
well  established  at  an  early  date,  we 
shall  be  able  to  guard  their  interests  and 
protect  them  from  injustice  when  the 
evil  concomitants  of  civilization  assail 
them,  as  is  bound  to  be  the  case  upon  the 
opening  up  of  their  beautiful  mountain 
country. 

Whatever  native  work  we  undertake 
must  be  limited.  The  various  tribes  of 
the  islands  are  quite  distinct  each  from 
each.  The  Tagalogs  predominate,  but 
they  are  not  universally  loved  by  any 
means.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  a 
Filipino  people;  Filipino  peoples  there 
are,  peoples  full  of  mutual  jealousies 
and  hatreds,  with  no  apparent  unifying 
or  cohesive  force  among  themselves.  To 
reach  one  of  these  peoples  is  by  no  means 
to  reach  all,  owing  to  the  diversity  of 
language  and  the  poverty  of  moans  of 
intercommunication.  We  must  care- 
fully choose  our  field  or  fields,  and  con- 
centrate all  our  energies  there.  At  pres- 
ent we  have  no  reserve  force  of  clergy. 
In  the  civil  service  a surplusage  of  one- 
third  is  not  found  to  be  too  many  work- 
ers for  the  requirements  of  the  situation. 
With  us  if  one  man  is  taken  ill  the  work 
must  stop.  I am  averse  under  any  con- 
ditions to  sending  one  missionary  alone 
to  such  a station,  for  instance,  as  Bontoc, 
where  the  isolation  is  absolute.  If 
other  and  cogent  reasons  were  wanting, 
it  is  not  in  accord  with  our  Lord’s  ex- 
ample, who  sent  Ills  messengers  two  by 
two  before  II is  face.  Of  course,  it  is 


unfair  to  the  man  concerned;  but  more 
than  that,  it  is  false  economy.  If  one 
can  chase  a thousand,  two  can  put  ten 
thousand  to  flight.  One  reason  why  I 
have  set  my  heart  on  work  among  the 
Igorrotes  is  because  theirs  is  the 
greatest  need  and  no  one  has  held  out  a 
helping  hand  to  them. 

III.  Financial  flatters 

As  I tried  to  impress  on  the  Church 
before  leaving  America,  this  is  bound  to 
be  an  expensive  mission.  Rents  in 
Manila  are  absurdly  high,  and  the  food 
supply  is  proportionately  dear.  It  costs 
me  about  one-third  more  to  live  here 
than  it  did  in  Boston.  In  Iloilo  matters 
are  not  much  better.  In  provincial 
towns  rents  are  lower,  but  the  cost  of 
living  is  high,  partly  on  account  of  the 
tariff,  partly  because  of  the  difficulty  of 
getting  transportation  for  goods,  now 
that  the  commissary  is  no  longer  avail- 
able for  civilians.  Proper  housing  and 
food  are  not  a luxury  but  a necessity,  if 
health  is  to  be  retained  in  tropical  life. 

I would  strongly  urge  the  purchase  of 
property  and  the  erection  of  suitable 
buildings  in  whatever  place  we  establish 
work.  If  it  were  possible  to  secure  at 
once  the  house  and  grounds  used  by  the 
kSettlement  it  would  te  a politic  move. 
The  house  is  admirably  adapted  for  its 
purpose,  and  is  in  an  ideal  location  for 
the  work.  This  would  entail  an  outlay 
of  from  $15,000  to  $20,000. 

Such  to-day  is  the  situation  as  I con- 
ceive of  it.  I have  tried  to  make  clear 
the  complications  and  difficulties  with 
which  we  are  confronted.  But  I am  im- 
Ijclled  to  this  not  from  any  sense  of  dis- 
couragement or  from  a fear  as  to  the 
filial  issue;  I believe  with  a deeper  con- 
viction than  ever  that  our  Church  is 
here  by  the  ordering  of  Ood.  At  the 
same  time,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  at 
home  that  unless  Churchmen  face  and 
realize  just  what  we  have  to  contend  with 
the.v  may  lie  disappointed  in  results. 
Achievements  that  can  be  tabulated — 
perhaps  I am  too  inrliffcrent  to  such — 
will  be  slow’  in  coming.  In  the  mean- 
time steadfast  faith  and  quiet  patience 
must  jireiiare  for  them. 


THE  DISPEXSAKV  DREG  AND  OPKRVTINl}  ROOM 


Medical  Work  in  the  Philippines 


OXE  of  the  important  enter- 
prises undertaken  in  eonnee- 
tion  with  the  Cluu'ch’s  mission 
in  Manila  is  the  dispensai’y 
of  Luke  the  Be- 
loved Phjsician.  It 
is  now  under  the 
care  of  C.  Radcliffe 
Johnson,  m.d.,  who 
went  out  to  ^Manila 
in  July,  190:5.  Be- 
sides Dr.  John- 
son, Miss  Clara 
Thacher  and  !Miss 
Jane  S.  Jackson, 
trained  nurses,  are 
attached  to  the  dis- 
pensary. 

It  is  a very 
modest  institution 
at  present.  Two 
rooms  back  of  the 
house  which  is 
used  for  settlement 
work  in  the  Troso 
District  have  been 
set  apart  for  this 
medical  service. 

One  is  used  as  a 


C.  K.ADCLIFFE  JOHNSON.  M.D. 


reception  and  waiting  room;  the  other 
as  a drug  and  oi)erating  room.  Patients 
have  come  not  only  from  all  parts  of 
Manila,  but  in  some  instances  from  dis- 
tant outlying  prov- 
inces. 

Soon  after  Dr. 
Johnson’s  arrival 
he  saw  that  a dis- 
pensary would  not 
be  able  to  meet  all 
the  needs  for  med- 
ical work.  He  ac- 
cordingly borrowed 
a tent  from  the 
Board  of  Health, 
which  he  has  con- 
verted into  a tem- 
porary hospital 
with  six  cots.  It  is 
most  important 
that  at  an  early 
day  a proper  hos- 
pital should  be 
erected.  Bishop 
Brent  is  most 
anxious  that  the 
Church  should  lead 
in  this  enterprise. 


Strange  to  say, 
there  is  not  in  the 
city  of  Manila  at 
the  present  time 
(1903)  any  hospital 
for  the  care  c f 
either  Europeans  or 
Filipinos.  The  laige 
military  hospital 
maintained  hy  the 
United  States  Gov- 
ernment is  general- 
ly overtaxed  in  car- 
ing for  the  soldiers, 
so  that  no  relief  can 
be  exi>ected  from 
that  quarter.  The 
need  can  only  be 
met  by  the  purchase 
and  equipment  of  a 
suitable  building.  Bishop  Brent  esti- 
mates that  this  will  cost  about  $30,000. 
lie  believes  that  it  is  one  of  the  things 
the  Church  ought  to  undertake  quickly; 
not  only  for  the  sake  of  the  needy 


MISS  EDITH  BE.4TRICE  OAKES 


Filipino  population, 
but  also  for  the  com- 
fort and  protection 
of  the  hundreds  of 
American  civilian 
residents. 

jledical  work  has 
also  been  under- 
taken on  a small 
scale  in  the  Bontoc 
mission  in  north- 
ern Luzon.  A 
trained  nurse,  !Miss 
Beatrice  Oakes,  has 
been  detailed  for 
this  post,  but  a resi- 
dent unmarried 
physician  is  a neces- 
sity.  Information 
.concerning  the  op- 
portunities for  medical  and  other  work 
in  the  Philippines  may  he  obtained  from 
the  Corresponding  Secretary.  2S1  Fourth 
Avenue,  New  York. 


• Copii  s of  this  pamphlet  may  be  obtained,  without 
cost,  from  the  CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY,  .?<?/ 
Fourth  Avenue,  Nexv  York,  by  asking  for  No.  401 

• All  offerings  for  Missions  in  the  Philippines 
or  elsewhere  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  George  C. 
Thomas,  Treasurer,  2S1  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


Second  Edition,  jMurcIi,  1904.  2M. 


